Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions for the preservation, restoration and sustainable management of the natural environment that rely on the functioning of ecosystems to meet societal challenges. These co-benefits approaches deliver benefits for both nature and society, as one cannot be achieved without the other. In the field of water, whether to preserve its quality or reduce the inherent natural risks, the knowledge exists for implementing this type of solution, and extensive research is conducted. The aim of this presentation is to compile, discuss and bring to the fore these scientific developments and issues. Following a description of the NBS concept and of its application in the field of water, we present scientific approaches helping to balance gains for biodiversity and society in the global water cycle. A focus is placed on the preservation of water resources and the necessary interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research is emphasised.